को ko - ‘to’

It usually means ‘to’, but unfortunately sometimes it isn’t that simple. Ever since that lesson को ko has been cropping up all over the place, sometimes quite unexpectedly!
Today we’re going to refresh ourselves and have a short ‘whistle-stop’ tour to some of the uses of को ko that we’ve already seen. We’re also going to learn a few new things about it! Are you ready to get going?
The most obvious use of को ko is ‘to’ when giving something to someone, just as we use it in English! For example we might say…

मैं माँ को कपड़ा देता हूँ main maan ko kapraa detaa hoon
- I give the cloth to Mother (Said by a Male)
Can you see here we’ve used माँ को maan ko to mean ‘to Mother’ - because that’s who we are giving it to! See it’s easy, don’t you think? This same use comes up in a bunch of other places though, which to begin with often seems unrelated!
In Hindi when we want to say ‘I like something’ we literally say ‘To me that thing is liked’. So we have to use को ko!

चाहना caahnaa - To Want

caahie - Want / Need Something
In today’s lesson we’re just going to cover one very simple Hindi word. How easy does that sound? The word is (quite unsurprisingly!) चाहिए caahie and it’s used to show that someone ‘wants’ or ‘needs’ something.
 How would we say ‘I like tea’ in Hindi? That’s right, we say…

मुझको चाय पसंद है mujhko caay pasand hai - I like tea.
Postposition को ko to mean ‘to me’. So in this sentence we are literally saying “To me tea is liked (pleasing)”.
Why have I brought this up now? Well saying ‘I want tea’ in Hindi is very similar to saying ‘I like tea’! We actually say…
मुझको चाय चाहिए mujhko caay caahie - I want tea
Literally ‘to me tea is wanted / needed’. Can you see the similarities and differences here? Note first that when using चाहिए caahie we don’t use हूँ hoon, है hai, हैं hain etc.
Think you’ve understood? Ready for another example?

हमको फल चाहिए hamko phal caahie - We want fruit
Can you see how easy this is? There’s nothing difficult here at all! So do you want to see some more examples?

hee - Only

In today’s lesson we’re going to just look at one tiny little Hindi word - I mean how easy does that sound? The word we’re going to study is; ही hee. Have you seen this word before? It comes up all the time so I bet you have. Hopefully by the end of today’s lesson you’ll understand perfectly what it means and how to use it. So are you ready to get going?
Let’s look at an example of ही hee first, we already know how to say “They speak Hindi”, that’s right it’s…

वे हिन्दी बोलते हैं ve hindee bolte hain - They speak Hindi
. Now by just adding the word ही hee into this sentence we can make quite a big difference to its meaning. So let’s see what happens…
वे हिन्दी ही बोलते हैं ve hindee hee bolte hain
- They speak only Hindi
So can you see what’s changed? We’ve added ही hee and this has changed the meaning of the sentence from “They speak Hindi” to “They speak only Hindi”. Are you following? So what exactly does ही hee mean then?

कर kar - After…

In today’s lesson we’re going to learn about an easy, but powerful, verb construction in Hindi. It’s technical name is the conjunctive particle or the absolutive, but don’t let those scary names put you off! Do you think you’re ready to get going? Great! Let’s start with something we already know then; how would we say “I read the newspaper” (read as in past tense).

मैंने अख़बार पढ़ा mainne akhbaar parhaa
- I read the newspaper
Great! So now suppose we wanted to make this sentence a little more interesting and say “after eating I read the newspaper” - how would we do this? Well it’s easier than you might think! All we do is take the verb खाना khaanaa - ‘to eat’ and change it to खाकर khaakar - ‘after eating’, and then wack it into the start of our sentence…
मैंने खाकर अख़बार पढ़ा mainne khaakar akhbaar parhaa
- After eating I read the newspaper
Can you see whats happened? Let’s look at a few more examples to get more used to it….

Accha

This multi-purpose word literally means "good". However, it also takes on a number of other meanings, depending on the intonation it’s given and where it’s positioned in a sentence. It could also mean okay, really?, I understand, oh!, or I have a question.

"Accha" (pronounced ah-cha) is a versatile word that you’ll hear used often and in a variety of different ways. It takes on a number of meanings, depending on the intonation it’s given and where it’s positioned in a sentence. If you only learn one word of Hindi, make sure it’s this one!

Good

This is the literal meaning of the word "accha". It’s used in a similar way as the word "good" is used in English. For example, when asked how you’re feeling, you could reply “bahut accha hai” to convey that you’re feeling very good. Accha is also used in a similar context to indicate that something is good. “Yeh kitab accha hai” (This book is good).

 

Acknowledgement -- I See, I Understand

When accha is said in a neutral tone at intervals during a conversation, it’s a way of acknowledging what the other person is saying. “I’m late for work today because I had so many problems along the way”. “Accha”. “Firstly, I left my wallet at home.” “Accha”. “After I went home and got it, I missed my train”. “Accha”.

Agreement -- Okay

When accha is repeated in quick succession during a conversation, it means that the person is agreeing with what’s being said. In this situation, "accha" sounds more like “achchacha”. “I’’ll be in the city next week and we should catch up. How about we go to dinner and see a movie? I can meet you at 7 p.m.” “Achchacha” (Okay, okay).
Note that Indians have a habit of repeating words to add emphasis to them. More often than not, when okay is said in agreement to something, it will be said not once but two or three times in a row!

Surprise -- Oh? Really?

When expressed in a tone of voice that rises sharply at the end, accha can be used as a statement of surprise. “My phone got stolen.” “Accha?” (Oh? Really?).
As you can imagine, it's very important to pay attention to the intonation of whoever is speaking, so as to understand the right meaning of the word accha. It would be terrible to mistakenly think that someone was replying "good" in response to a phone being stolen, when in fact they were expressing surprise!

Question -- Listen up

You’ll also hear accha said in a rising tone of voice at the start of a sentence as a way of attracting someone’s attention, particularly when a question is to follow or some information is being sought. “Accha, so tell me…” (Listen up, tell me…).

Exclamation -- Oh! Well, Well!

In addition, accha can be used at the beginning of a sentence in a falling tone of voice as a sign of exclamation and reproof. “Accha! You’re still sleeping.” (Oh! You’re still sleeping, you should be out of bed by now). “Accha! Today’s your birthday”. (Well, well! Today’s your birthday, why didn’t you say so).

Thik Hai

"Thik hai", pronounced "teek hey", literally means "is fine". In this regard, it’s a bit like the word “accha” and is often used along with “accha” or instead of “accha”. “I’m going shopping to buy milk, bread and vegetables. I’ll be back by 3 p.m.” “Accha, accha, thik hai”. (Good, good, fine). “Thik hai, I’m going now” (Alright, I’m going now). Thik hai is also a common reply to the question of how you’re feeling. It can also be said casually in a rising tone of voice to ask someone how they’re feeling. “Thik hai?” If you’re only feeling so-so, the response would be "thik-thik", otherwise, reply “thik hai” in a neutral tone.

Chalega

"Chalega" literally means “will move” or “will walk”. However it’s most often used by itself, as a question or a statement as to whether something will work. For example, you’re shopping for toasters with friend and she picks one up and says “Chalega?” If you like it, you’d reply “chalega”. If you really like it, you could even add another “chalega” for emphasis and say “chalega, chalega”. Another situation where chalega is used is to ask if someone will go somewhere. For example, "Airport chalega?"

Hogaya

"Hogaya" is a compound word that’s a combination of “be” (ho) and “went” (gaya). Its literal meaning is “became”. You’ll often hear this word said by itself when a task has been completed or something has been finished. For example, if someone has gone away to carry out a task, upon returning they may say “Thik hai, hogaya.” (Fine, it’s done). It can also be said in a rising tone to question if something has been completed. “Hogaya?” (Have you finished?)

Wala/Wallah/Vala

This word is notorious for its different meanings and spellings. Most visitors to India know it in the context as it refers to a seller or vendor of something. For example, a taxi-wala is a taxi driver. A vegetable-wala is a vegetable seller. However, wala can be combined with the name of a town or city to indicate someone who comes from there. For example, Mumbai-wala or Delhi-wala. Wala can also be used to specify a certain thing. For example, chota-wala means small one, lal-wala means red one, kal-wala means yesterday’s one. Finally it can be used to indicate something as about to happen in the immediate future. Ane-vala means about to come or about to arrive. Jane-wala means about to go or about to leave.

What are meanings of "ithni" and "jithni"

'jitne' word is to used discribe, something which has no limit.

And 'itne' word is always used for decribing finite number of thing

Itnaa, Itni and Itney / itnay / itne (whichever way U pronounce is acceptable) = this much.

Muze ek cup itnaa paani chaahiye
itni see baat ke liye gussaa kyu hote ho ?
Unhey itney he aam chaahiye.

Jitnaa / jitni / jjitney - U can use for - that much, upto, as much as, overwhelming etc. etc.
Ex : Jitnaa pyaar aap Mata Pitaa ko day sakate hai, utnaa / ottnaa kam hai.
Jitni bhi mai aapki taarif karu ootni kam hai.
Jitnaa / jitney chaaho utnaa / ootnaa chillla o.

Jitnaa, U can also use as Verb : = to Win

How do you say "Have a nice (good) day" in Hindi?

aap ka din subh(acha) ho ))आपका दिन अच्छा हो ))aap ka -you -आपका .din -day-दिन .acha,subh-nice(good) -अच्छा .ho-हो

Whats the different of aapse and tumse? And when do we have to you use aapse or tumse?

Aapse and Tumse both are used on place of 'you' in hindi. 'aapse' is used for elders and respected person. 'tumse' is used for younger. you can also use 'aapse' for younger if you want to show more love to them.

dekh = see, dekh lena = see, so wht's the difference of those ?

this one will be a little too much for a beginner because i believe here comes subtlities of Hindi

Dekhna देखना- to see
Dekh lena देख लेना- may also mean to see, but there is difference, also dekh lena may mean some other things too.

they also are not interchangable many times except for the case where it means 'to see'

for e.g.

dekh lo, agar aana ho to. (think about it, if u want to come)
देख लो, अगर आना हो तो.
here dekh lo means think about it/or have a thought.

dekh lena may also mean to examine/inspect

sir, copies dekh lo

take another case

जो दिख नहीं रहा, उसे भी देख लेना दिव्य दृष्टि कहलाएगी।
which is not visible, seeing(to be able to see) that too will be called divya drishti.

here 'dekh lena' means 'dekh paana' i.e. to be able to see.

last i can remember

dekh lena is also used to indiacate holding grudge against someone e.g.

tujhe to main dekh loonga- literally 'i will see you' :D

i have missed some cases, someone might add them up, and i am totally dissatisfied with this answer because still sentences are popping in mind and i m unable to articulate them properly.